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Jugendstil
(1890 – 1920): In 1896 the magazine "Die Jugend" (The Youth)
appeared in Munich, a forum where the Avant Garde - artists and writers
could publish their works. Enjoying a wide acceptance this magazine
was to later give the art of the time and region its name.
Jugendstil grew to become an international style as part of Art Nouveau,
and found its resonance between Floralismus (Patterism) and Sachlichkeit
(New Objectivity) from 1890 – 1920,France: ART NOUVEAU,
England: MODERN STYLE und in Austria: SECESSIONSSTIL
.
Jugendstil began as an opposition to the Historismus (Classical
Style) of the 19th. century („Ringstraßenstil“) and became an
expression of the Avant Garde, the „Neuen Modernen“ (New Moderns),
who turned away from the excentric style as proported by Hans Markart
(New Baroque), then set new styles for all areas of modern art and daily
life at the time. Material, Function and Design became one with the
object itself.
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„I
would like to remind you, that once, anyone who made a household
article, made it as something
useful, and at the same
time
made
it as a work of art.
Today, very few things can be seen as works of art.“ William
Morris.
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William
Morris and the Art and Crafts movement in England can be see as pioniers
in the new Style.
In Scotland it was the Glasgow-School with the architect Charles Rennie
Mackintosh, who also had a strong influence on the Viennesse Jugendstil
movement..
In France E. Berard and P. Gauguin, inspired by japanese woodcuts,
with its emphasis on conture and flatness of style, were the pioners
of this art with its emphasis on planimetry and dynamic linear expressiveness.
Toulouse Lautrec made this style popular with his posters and Hector
Guimard as designer of the Paris Metro entrances.
In Spain - Antoni Gaudi, in the USA - L.C. Tiffany and the Goldsmith
P.C. Faberge in Russia were responsible for creating visual images
of Art Nouveau which have become popular parts of its cultural identity.
